把修改过的中英文说明再拿出来晒晒

肇兴侗寨侗语称Saop，位于黎平县南面，距县城68公里，座落于一个东西走向的狭长谷地。人口860多户，3800多人，全为侗族。寨内有5座鼓楼、5个戏台、5座花桥、3座萨坛，2条小溪横贯寨中。肇兴侗寨始建于宋朝（公元960-1279年），原名“肇洞”。居民有赢、满、万、白、马等12个家族，即12个“斗”，组合成仁、义、礼、智、信5个“团”。所有居民都有内外两个姓：内姓，为各家族成员原有的姓；外姓，为大家在社会生活中共同使用的姓，即陆姓。“斗”以血缘为纽带，“斗”内不能通婚。“团”则以地缘为基础，“团”内各“斗”间可以通婚。数百年来，肇兴人民创造了独特的鼓楼文化、大歌文化、款约文化和“萨文化”。1993年肇兴被贵州省文化厅命名为“鼓楼文化艺术之乡”；2003年被文化部列入全国首批民族民间文化保护试点单位；2005年被《中国国家地理》杂志等媒体评为“中国最美的乡村古镇”。A Brief Introduction to Zhaoxing Dong VillageZhaoxing’s old name is ′Zhao Dong′.The village is located in the southeast of Liping County, 68 km away from the county seat, in a long, narrow valley which runs east to west. The village has more than 860 ethnic Dong households, with a total population of more than 3800. Zhaoxing has 5 drum towers, 5 roofed bridges, 5 stages and 3 sacrificial altars, with two streams cutting through the village.Zhaoxing was first built during the Song Dynasty (A.D. 960-1279). Each resident in Zhaoxing has two surnames: Lu as their public surname, the surname that is socially used, and a private, original surname for each person. Each community of the same surname is called a ′dou′, meaning a clan. Two or more clans living together form a ′tuan′, meaning a group. ′Dou′ takes the blood relationship as the foundation. Marriage is forbidden inside a ′dou′. ′Tuan′ is based on geography and people from two or more ′dou′ in a ′tuan′ can be related through marriage. The 12 ′dou′ of Zhaoxing form 5 ′tuan′, and the 5 ′tuan′ are named ′Ren′, ′Yi′, ′Li′ ′Zhi′ and ′Xin′, meaning ‘benevolence’, ‘righteousness’, ‘propriety’, ‘wisdom’ and ‘faith’.Over the centuries, the Dong people of Zhaoxing have created their unique drum towers，grand choral songs, the traditional legal system and religious culture.In 1993, Zhaoxing was named ‘the township of drum tower culture and art’ by the provincial cultural department.In 2003, the National Ministry of Culture integrated it into the national list of top of protected ethnic cultural relics.In 2005, the village gained the titles of ‘the most beautiful ancient town and village of China’.

堂安侗寨距肇兴6公里，位于弄报山（Jenc Longl Baol）半山腰上，海拔840多米，是中国与挪威两国政府共同创建的“侗族生态博物馆”。堂安侗寨始建于清朝嘉庆年间(公元1795-1820年)。全村共有居民170多户，800多人，以赢、陆两姓为主，散居于抱博、几定两岭之间。村寨依山就势，建筑沿山体等高线布置，并以鼓楼、戏楼为中心。堂安生态博物馆没有固定的馆舍，涵盖了堂安及其周边侗族社区居民生活、生产及其环境。博物馆向人们展示了侗民族的物质文化遗产和非物质文化遗产，包括鼓楼、梯田、寨门、民居、戏台、花桥、古墓群、萨坛、瓢井风俗习惯、民间艺术以及侗家人的生产生活等内容。位于村寨上端的“资料信息中心”，浓缩了整个社区的诸多文化信息。[<i> 本帖最后由 邓敏文 于 2007-9-2 09:49 编辑 </i>]

该楼为重檐攒尖顶宝塔式八角鼓楼，高11层，24.37米，占地136平方米，侗语称为“楼斗迫”（ ），为白、马家族所建。始建于18世纪，1982年重建，掌墨师傅为堂安人陆继贤。改过来。[<i> 本帖最后由 邓敏文 于 2007-9-2 09:51 编辑 </i>]

该楼为重檐歇山顶宝塔式八角鼓楼，高9层，16.27米，占地127平方米，侗语称“楼斗闷”（ ），为孟、夏家族所建。始建于18世纪，重建于1982年，掌墨师傅为外地迁入肇兴居住的张根银。[<i> 本帖最后由 邓敏文 于 2007-9-2 09:48 编辑 </i>]

绿树掩映的壁岩上，醒目地刻着“过化”两个大字，由明朝参将邓子龙于万历十五年（公元1583年）率部征剿以吴为首的农民起义军时所书,其意是“所过之处，民皆向化”。每字二米见方，远在二里之外还清晰可辩。右边另有两行小字“邓子龙万历十五年书”。为了让后人记住这段历史与侗家人的遭遇，当地人每年坚持用石灰浆将岩上的大字填白，使其清晰可辩。[<i> 本帖最后由 邓敏文 于 2007-9-2 09:46 编辑 </i>]

普遍在村头寨尾甚至水面上木制仓房，用于存放粮食及其它重要物品，称为禾仓。禾仓除了防火，还能防鼠、防蚁虫。[<i> 本帖最后由 邓敏文 于 2007-9-2 09:43 编辑 </i>]

地扪位于黎平县茅贡北4公里处，有480多户,2100多人，是侗戏的起源地。代表性的文物有塘公祠、登岑日中友好鼓楼等。在侗语里，地扪是“原生地”的意思。相传侗族祖先定居这里后，人丁发达，发展到1300户，后分到茅贡700户，腊洞200户，罗大100户，其余的留下来，成为“千三”总根。寨内分为5个大房族，分别叫宰寅、得面、腊模、宰母和腊微。有3座鼓楼和4座花桥。其中腊模鼓楼为“千三”之根，建寨之源。（[<i> 本帖最后由 邓敏文 于 2007-9-2 00:09 编辑 </i>]

桥顶及周边植被群落完整，生长着40多种乔木，以及种类繁多的灌木、藤本及草本。林间崖畔，栖息着八哥(Acridotheres cristatellus)、画眉(Garrulax canorus)等数十种珍禽。[<i> 本帖最后由 邓敏文 于 2007-9-2 00:22 编辑 </i>]

[<i> 本帖最后由 邓敏文 于 2007-9-2 00:20 编辑 </i>]

Brief Introduction to Diping Roofed BridgeThe remote Dong village of Diping has a wooden roofed bridge built as early as 1883，and rebuilt respectively in 1964 and 1981. The bridge was burst by flood water in 2004, and renovated in 2007. It is located in the south of Liping county, 120 km away from the county seat. The bridge is 56 meters long, 4.5 meters wide and sits 8 meters above the water. There are three towers on the bridge.The middle one is 5 meters high and looks like a drum tower with a pyramid roof.The towers at each end are 3 meters high with 3 story hip-and-gable roofs.The whole bridge is constructed without iron nails.All the parts are connected with wooden tenons and mortises in a unique local ethnic style. The roofed bridge is not only a passageway across the river, but is also a public place of leisure and entertainment for the local people.Nowadays, it has been classified as a major historical and cultural site under state protection.